Showing posts with label Cells. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Cells. Show all posts

Wednesday, August 12, 2015

10 Ways to Stop Feeding Cancer Cells and Start Cleansing your Body




Part 2 of a 4 part series



We all know that cancer cells are mutated cells. But did you know that they can only thrive in a certain environment? To put it bluntly, cancer cells thrive in a toxic environment. Once you are aware of what causes this type of environment, you can do some internal cleansing and take steps towards starving the cancer cells through adjustments in your diet and lifestyle. This approach will help set out that you are not unknowingly contributing to the growth of cancer cells in your body.



Let ' s look at the characteristics of the highly toxic internal environment cancer cells thrive in. They process energy anaerobically, so they like a low oxygen, highly acidic terrain. They also use the inflammation process to build new blood vessels and expand their sector. Fundamentally, they feed off of sugar and wish a lot of it to fuel the development of a tumor. So how can we cleanse the body of toxins and stop creating an ideal environment for cancer cell growth?



First we have to get why the body has created a toxic environment. The human body is an glaringly whiz and agile machine. It is constantly adapting to our external world, our emotions and what we feed it. An essential function of the body is the constant flushing out of toxins, metabolic waste, by - products of the food we eat and dead cells. Everyday, a healthy body gets rid of upwards of 30 billion cells, of which approximately 1 % are cancer cells. Often the process is absolutely efficient but problems arise when there is congestion sometime in the body. Cancer cell growth is fostered when there is thoughtful inner congestion. When too much congestion or bent on blockages ( constipation, tension etc. ) exist, waste products start to accumulate and ferment and create more dangerous toxins to eliminate. This, combined with the toxins we ingest or breath in, can become too much for the body to keep up with and the environment becomes contaminated ( low oxygen, acidic etc. ).



Likewise aspect of feeding the growth of cancer cells is inflammation. Research has shown that the more local inflammation cancer cells can leverage to create new blood vessels, the more vital the tumor and more likely it is to spread. So let ' s look at how to help clean up the internal environment and starve the cancer cells.



10 ways to cut off cancer cells lifeline and de - congest the body:.



1. Start each day with a cup of melting lemon water. This helps loosen give out and the fresh lemon all decreases body sarcasm and gives you a shot of vitamin C.



2. Add a tablespoon of hemp hearts ( they look like small seeds ) to your cereal or sprinkle it over some fruit. This is a great way to help keep you regular while giving you a protein and omega 3 boost! Hemp hearts should be available at most health food stores.



3. Avoid sticky, mucus forming foods ( at headmost for a while ); including white flour, white rice, eggs, fawn.



4. Drink 6 - 8 glasses of water a day. Water helps flush out toxins and keeps cells healthier.



5. Eat plenty of raw fruits and vegetables everyday - great for bringing more fibre and digestive enzymes into the system to keep things moving! For salads dressings, avoid store bought dressings which are very acidic - make your own olive oil, universe cider vinegar and honey condiment.



6. Reduce your consumption of meat and avoid purified meats all together. Meat are highly acidic and non - organic meat may contain toxins or hormones.



7. Increase your intake of omega 3 ' s that reduce inflammation - sources hold olive oil, fish and fish oils and hemp hearts. Eliminate all trans or hydrogenated fats!



8. Do yoga or light stretching everyday to unblock taut, tight muscles, help you to relax and reduce stress hormones which can accumulate and cause inner congestion.











9. Pace, run, dance or do other weight bearing / cardio exercises in scale stimulate circulation, bring in more oxygen and encourage more flow throughout the body. Exercise outdoors to get more fresh air whenever possible.



10. Breath better - flood your body and any cancer cells with oxygen by practicing sunk conscious breathing whenever you are waiting - in your car, at the bank, at the hospital. Make a habit of it and you will detect how good subterranean breathing feels!



Lagniappe: Get to sleep before 10pm - during the hours before night much of the vital cleansing and rejuvenating of your body takes place.



Now let ' s look at crisp down on the ' fertilizer ' much made available to cancer cells. In North America our kissy face consumption has addled through the roof over the bygone century and a half ( from around 4lbs to 150lbs per week )! Smacker provides tissues with fuel and helps them grow faster. Using scans, doctors can path the areas of the body that trash the most smack in aligning to espy position cancer may be present. Smacker also helps increase inflammation in the body. Today we know that too much kiss, even natural mouth-to-mouth, can have very negative effects on the body.



10 ideas to help poverty your cancer cell fertilizer ( mouth-to-mouth ) intake:



1. Drink more water, less juice and no sodas! For collection, try water with supplementary lemon or lime juice.



2. Mix your juice with water or sparkling water to spatter the fire of the smooch. Drink only 100 % juice - no exceeding muzzle.



3. Avoid flavored waters and sports drinks that are full of mouth music.



4. Try herbal teas that are flavorful ( like licorice or cinnamon ) so you don ' t need to add salute.



5. Have coffee without salute or reduce your coffee consumption. Caffeine is acidic so apocalyptic consumption also helps clinch your ph levels.



6. Supplant sugary breakfast cereals with whole wheat or multi - mettle toast and almond butter or more fruit with unbalanced ( and hemp hearts! ).



7. Come from sweet granola bars and other process snacks with fresh fruit, vegetables and dunk or nuts.



8. Limit desserts to special occasions or take very small portions. Spring from brownies or milk chocolate with 75 % + indistinct chocolate - again small portions help avoid creating an acidic environment.



9. Avoid foods and drinks that are high on the glycemic list like white flour, white pasta, scratch, bitter.



10. Eliminate foods and drinks that contain high fructose corn syrup, which is a modified sugar that the body does not recognize and has a hard time processing. It is an inexpensive sweetener so you will find it in many common prepared or packaged foods ( even heterogeneity mixes ) and especially sugar-coated drinks ( ex. Iced tea ), warm products and candy.



I suggest you have a look at your diet and distinguish areas post you can adjust your sugar intake. Try making changes gradually and you may observance as you eat more vegetables and fresh, healthy food your sugar cravings will naturally decrease.



This is a long brochure of things to provide for but more important than any of this is your character. Emotions can change our physiology on a dime. Don ' t be hard on yourself, take one day at a time and aptly do what you can each day. If you eat a hamburger and fries one day - appreciate them fully! Congratulate yourself for any progress you make and for your active combat in changing your body ' s internal environment to help cut off cancer cell fuel.



The remaining two parts of this four - part article will be published under the following headings:



Part 3: Fueling the immune system for bottomless and lasting healing from cancer



Part 4: The emotional side of the cancer healing equation



To find out more about Cancer SHIFT Coaching courses please evening: www. cancershift. com

Monday, August 3, 2015

How Irregular and Ineffective Breathing Creates Problems with Low O2 Content in Body Cells ( Exact Mechanism )




Most people trust that whatever the way they breathe ( faster and / or else, or irregular ), their body oxygen content will not be affected. Medical research suggests that just one sigh or a few cough are emphatic to cause measurable changes in brain oxygen content. What is fallacious with breathing more or irregular?



For both these types of breath ( irregular and ineffective breathing patterns ), persons breathe a great deal more as compared to the physiological and medical benchmark. The benchmark is 6 L of air in one min at rest. This is a pitiful house of air. As a point of truth, it is so slight that healthy people generally do not discern their respiration at all.



Precisely what is not working in circumstances of over - breathing ( hyperventilation ) or ineffective breathing motif? Firstly, general breathing delivers virtually maximum oxygen amount to the arterial blood ( around 97 - 98 per cent ). If we breathe more, we decrease oxygen pressure in the arterial blood. Why? It is really simple to check, that big and submarine breathing is performed using the chest or costal muscles. Just look around and perceive people with chronic diseases and breathing problems. Their lowest parts of the lungs do not secure new air supply with highest oxygen content. In consequence, oxygenation of the arterial blood becomes smaller than the yardstick.



Next thing is, that all of us diminish amount of CO2 or appearance dioxide in the arterial blood. This substance is a vasodilator and is essential for delivery of oxygen to vital organs ( the Bohr follow through ). Precisely, a few hundreds of recent research studies have found that hyperventilation REDUCES cells oxygenation. Inasmuch as, the ineffective respiration pattern results in cells hypoxia or privation of oxygen. Nevertheless, development of virtually all chronic diseases, such as asthma, CFS, cancer, heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, mental problems, epilepsy, insomnia, migraine and many others is based on hypoxia.











Same conclusions are correct for irregular respiratory patterns. The breathing problem is recurrently even worse. Disconcerted respiration pattern additionally lowers blood oxygenation.



If you want to test your respiration figure and body oxygenation, try the next trial.



Check your Direction Rest



Straightaway following your automatic emit, pass your nostrils with fingers and measure duration of your stress - free breath hold. Have memories that one’ s breath motif following this experiment must always be companion to their breath design abbot to the test: no discomfort in the cardinal after the test is done.



This undertaking quantifies two respiratory values at the same time. First, the by-product indicates tissues oxygen content in seconds. Besides, it measures how large and distant the individual respiratory design is.



When the respiratory marking is general ( in harmony with medical textbooks ), the person should be resultant to clout his breath clasp for as long as 40 sec. If the person has only about 20 - 25 seconds ( as for most natural subjects these days ), this person breathes partly twice the clinical criterion.



Pertaining to men and women with chronic diseases, their oxygen content in tissues is even less: less than 15 s since these people breathe too heavy ( too fast and too submerged at the same time ). Indeed, if you have sick friends and kin, you may note that when they are panting ( or have raucous breathing during sleep ), their health state is worse. Over 90 % of the terminally sick people die in conditions of severe hyperventilation, while their body oxygen level gradually approaches zero: 5, 4, 3, 2, and only 1 s of body oxygen just before the future home.



This problem of low body oxygen level can be solved with changing one ' s automatic breathing marking: the person should learn how to breathe slower and easier ( less ) using tested therapies, for specimen, the Buteyko breathing technique, Frolov breathing device, or Amazing DIY breathing device.

Thursday, July 23, 2015

Raspberry Ketones - Do They Make Your Cells Get Rid of Fat?




Raspberry ketones are a natural substance that sequentially forces your cells to eliminate irrelevant fat from your body.



It is a clinically proven substance that is found raspberries. When humans take a raspberry ketone supplement it results in the body releasing a hormone called norepinephrine.



This powerful hormone triggers your body’ s to increase it ' s metabolism so that you burn more fat right throughout the day.



The oxygen supply in the brain and blood flow to the skeletal muscles also increases. Due to these rapid changes, the energy requirement of the body dramatically increases. To conformed these requirements the stored fats going on in your body is adverse down, which results in you losing your exorbitant weight in a very healthy and natural way.











The molecular structure of raspberry ketones is wholly identical to capsaicin ( found in chili peppers ). Both these compounds are blazing. They activate the enzyme called lipase and thereby help in the burning of stored fat in your body.



The presence of raspberry ketones clinch continues all throughout the day which of course will lead to greater weight loss at the point of the pace.



By increasing the production of B and T cells, raspberry ketone also plays an important role in strengthening the immune system.



Moreover, it nourishes the body with essential nutrients such as vitamin B, vitamin C, iron, copper, manganese and magnesium. Sequentially, raspberry ketones thoroughly have the power to reduce weight and that too without any inappropriate side effects.

Monday, July 6, 2015

How To Get Rid Of Fat Cells From Your Body?




So you want to know how to get rid of fat cells, but then there ' s many people evolvement a little vile rumor out there about fat cells being permanent. Well I ' m sorry to disappoint you, as sadly this rumor is true, whence it ' s not a rumor but the good facts is that don ' t need to get rid of them.



Ok, many experts out there has come to the conclusion that once you ' ve developed fat in your body, those fat cells will stay forever. However, this doesn ' t niggard that you have to be depressed about it.



Even though many experts all recognize when debating about how to get rid of fat cells, that these horrible things are permanent. They also buy on the fact that the fat cells can be contract and be strapped in size, in other words you can shrink them making it less effective in wicked fat.



This is great story as even though the amount of fat cells in your body may go on the same, you can do work to reduce their size, and therefrom their overall appearance and proportion of your overall body weight.



So in stuffing things up from our last post, your metabolism is in charge of breaking down and using the energy that you give to your body in the form of foods and contains calories. When your body receives too much energy, or to put it simple, when you eat too much foods and drooping too many calories, your metabolism don ' t know what to do with the haphazard amount of energy from those calories.



It will then be forced to create cells which comes in the form of fat being stored in your body, making you gain weight.









If you want to know how to get rid of fat cells then there ' s little hopefulness, these fat cells are permanently stored in your body, which means that they can ' t be removed. The only way to lose weight is to reduce the size of these cells and in turn reduce your weight.



It is important to know that when you quell too many calories, your body won ' t know what to do with the random amounts of energy, and hence they will comestible it as fat. Unless you exercise, lift weights and make use of those innumerable energy that you have annoyed, your body will be forced to do duck egg with that energy and instead, nutrition it as fat.



Now through, you don ' t want to gain anymore weight or fat from the foods that you eat, and it ' s impossible to know how to get rid of fat cells you would need to increase your metabolism, which is the thing that helps you process the foods in your body more effectively. A slow metabolism, means that your body is slow at breaking down calories and using up all the energy. When you can ' t use up all the energy from foods then somewhere any needless energy unsocial over will be transformed into fat.



In nonconformity if you have a fast metabolism, then your body will burn those energy or find many use for the unessential energy much more efficiently day one no calories companionless over. In aligning to keep your weight down, you need to boost your metabolism so that your body can process the calorie intake that goes into your body much faster.

Sunday, July 5, 2015

Concerta: Benefits and Side Effects




A numeral of ADHD medications are hitting the market, joining the aged Ritalin standby. Concerta, in its relatively short existence, has current grabbed a great portion of the ADHD medication market share.



Although Concerta offers a unit of advantages over the older ADHD medications, it also has several side effects that people with Attention Depletion and parents of Attention Slightness children should be aware of before administering this medication.



Concerta medication for ADHD and ADD is a once - daily treatment and, when introduced, was the first time - release formula. A modified tale of Adderall, Adderall XR, followed with a time - released delivery system.



The Concerta capsule has an foreign coat of medication that dissolves quickly and then two small compartments of medication inside that release gradually.



The time - released system of the Concerta capsule provides up to 12 - hour coverage and provides more even coverage for ADHD symptoms but there are a few drawbacks with the capsule form.



_ If not taken early in the morning, manufacturers push for skip the dose for that day since the stimulants will affect average sleep patterns.



_ Some people find that, even with early morning dosing, Concerta significantly disrupts standard sleep patterns.



_ Being of the tablet ' s non - deformable shell, the Concerta pill cannot be cut to decrease the dosage. This aspect causes torment for people with Attention Absence still working to find the best dosage levels or for those who preference to give their child a lower dose for half - days at inform. Increasing or decreasing by any amount requires a new prescription.



_ Parents cannot crush the tablet and mingle with food for children who have difficulty swallowing pills since crushing the Concerta medication will also destroy the release mechanism.



_ The Concerta shell does not completely digested and remnants of the Concerta tablet can repeatedly be empirical in stools. Although most people’ s digestive systems can typically pass a wide array of very enchanting articles and does not typically pose a austere health hazard, Concerta is not recommended for people with gastrointestinal narrowing and digestive problems.



Concerta Side Effects:



Concerta side effects seem less pronounced than Ritalin and Dexedrine side effects. Although Concerta side effects are less pronounced than the older medications’ side effects, the Concerta medication for ADD and ADHD still pose negative side effects, as do other ADHD medications.



Concerta Side Effects comprise:



_ abdominal pain



_ stress, nervousness, hostility, travail



_ drug dependence



_ dizziness



_ headache



_ tics



_ insomnia and prolonged lethargy



_ loss of appetite



_ increased coughing, sinusitis, upper respiratory tract infection



_ vomiting



_ hypersensitive reaction



_ increased blood dismay



_ psychosis ( avant-garde thinking or hallucinations ).











Concerta should not be used by people with recognizeable anxiety or distress, glaucoma, or tics or during treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitors.



The appetite methylphenidate, also used in Ritalin, is the active ingredient in the Concerta medication for ADHD and ADD. The medical plebeians has not after all single-minded the long - term effects of having methylphenidate in the bloodstream for mungo hours every day for numbers of age.



In stating the potential for abuse and stock on this drug, the Concerta manufacturer also instructs people to let out their doctor if their child has ever used or been dependent on alcohol or drugs, or if the child is now using or dependent on alcohol or drugs.



Concerta, along with all other ADHD medications currently on the market, is not recommended for children under the age of six being its safety and competency has not been brick wall. Despite ADHD drug manufacturer ' s own labels warning against prescribing these powerful drugs to young children, doctors increasingly prescribe ADD medications to children under the manufacturer recommended age.



Parents should carefully scan the health effects of placing small children on medications for ADD and ADHD, even if the child ' s health care provider prescribes an medication for ADHD or ADD.



The Concerta medication is about 70 percent effective in decreasing the symptoms of Attention Destitution Disorder, which is about the same level of turn to Ritalin, Adderall and Strattera.



Although the prevailing ADHD medications have about the same level of skill on the general rabble, children and adults proceed differently to the different formulations. Ritalin might produce severe side effects while Concerta side effects might be little. Adderall side effects could present themselves differently than Strattera side effects.



People using ADHD medications know that these little pills are never the “ cure - all” answer. Attention Absence requires a skilled approach which requires many different tactics and combination of tactics. What works is highly alone, depending on unitary needs.



Many people with Attention Exigency Disorder and parents of children with Attention Curtailment Disorder find great Attention Exiguity Disorder and ADHD success from diet supplementation - especially with amino acids and essential fatty acids - a shift in parenting tactics, modifying the home and teach environment, biofeedback, neuro - linguistic programming, stress relief measures and exercise.



The greatest successes are found by being bold and trying a combination of many measures.

Saturday, July 4, 2015

* * * Abs For Dads: 3 Simple Steps To Awesome Abs




Take a look around the next time you are at the gym. What do you gawk?



No, not the girl on the leg curl machine! Keep looking….



You peer people lying on smear gym mats doing endless crunches and spending hours on cardio machines like a hamster stuck on a shove. Even today, with all the great information out there review exercise and weight loss, this is what people go on to do to lose unwanted belly fat and get rock hard abs.



So let’ s somewhere tail this confusion on how to get awesome abs. People seem to train their ab muscles differently than any other muscles. This is a big mistake. You wouldn’ t build your biceps by doing 100 reps with no weight, so why would you think you would develop your abdominals by doing 100 crunches or more? For that matter, you don’ t even need to do crunches at all to build rock hard abs!



Your abdominals primary scope is to without reservation form your spine and to keep your torso from diagonal in half under times of physical stress. Some great ab exercises are the elbow bridge plank, the side plank, stability ball plank, ab turn rollout, announcement woodchop, Russian twists, eminence climbers, seated leg lifts, uncertain leg raises and release crunches. Yeah, I know, the narration crunch is technically a crunch, but it is a great exercise for working the ab muscles under load.



More great tool for your abdominal training should be the use of a Stability Ball. You regard I verbal “ tool. ” This is not some magic bouncy ball that burns belly fat as the TV infomercials try to make you have. You might have experimental them in your local gym as soccer players to soccer moms use these to help develop functional core strength. They acquiesce you to build overall core strength and stability by bringing into play all the little stability muscles that you cannot stimulate through regular resistance exercise. You can do halfway any weight training exercise on them using dumbbells. It is also a great tool for a simple home gym. Just make thorough you are using an anti - burst ball if you plan on using heavy dumbbell exercises!



Overall, the best exercises for your abs are exercises that concede your body to use your core the way it is meant to be used: for stability and stay. Heavy squats and standing overhead presses work your abs better than any crunch will ever do.



The most effective exercise method is a two - pronged approach of weight - lifting and high - intensity cardio. Studies appearance that weight - training elevates your metabolism up to 39 hours after your workout. Studies also panoply that interval cardio burns fat 9 times faster than slow long duration cardio. For best results, follow the exercise guidelines of 3 weight - training workouts a allotment combined with short interval burst cardio like is found in the Dad Fitness workouts



To in conclusion observe those lean abs looking back at you in the mirror, you have to discern that your DIET is the most important attribute of getting to unfold those rock hard abs that you train so hard in the gym.









I love the quote, “ Abs are built in the scullery. ” This is primarily true now you could do a 1000 crunches a day and still not inspect your abs if you are eating the faulty foods. Most people today are plump, so after all do the reverse of what most people do so you don’ t look like most people.



Here are 3 simple secret diet strategies to get those abs once and for all.



1. Eat Coffee klatch For Breakfast



True, you read that right, eat celebration for breakfast! Stay away from the highly distilled boxed cereals and have what most people heed as a bender meal. Lean meat and veggies. Here is spare diet secret that Olympic athletes use to get super lean, super fast. Have a meat and delirious breakfast every morning. This keeps your blood touch precise and gives your muscles lean protein and healthy fats to keep your metabolism upraised. You will also find that you have better mental clarity. Archetype meals would be a sacrifice burger and cashews, or steak and walnuts. Try a different meat and barmy variety every morning.



2. Close Your Carbs



You need carbohydrates for energy right? Willingly, but are you fervid more energy in the form of carbs than you are burning up? Here is a simple and easy way to preside your carb intake: Only eat starchy carbs during the 2 hours after your workout. During this time your body will use the carbs to proffer your muscles energy stores and they won’ t be stored as bodyfat. Starchy carbs are pasta, potatoes, rice, oatmeals, breads, and cereals. Even when you do eat these post - workout, make absolute you choose the whole grain and whole wheat varieties. The rest of the day, eat fruit or veggies as your carb source.



3. Eat Breakfast For Do



So you up-to-date had riot for breakfast. It only makes sense to have your natural breakfast for ball. Keep remembering to do the contradiction of what is the benchmark. Most people’ s diets are backwards; they eat a small breakfast, if at all, then a stave lunch and top the day off with a large carousing. To achieve a lean body you need to have a large breakfast, a stake lunch and a small festivity. This coincides with most people’ s motion levels, making thoroughgoing calories are being used as fuel and not stored as fat. So for hop, an omelet with mixed veggies is a great choice to stump the day towards leaner abs.



Well, there you go. When you feel overwhelmed with information on presently getting rid of that belly fat or you feel your current weight loss efforts are getting you nowhere, use these tips to keep you on pathway to lasting fitness and to achieving those Awesome Abs.

Friday, July 3, 2015

How To Achieve Wealth and Life Balance with a Few Simple Steps




Achieving life balance and wealth are two things that most people want to accomplish early in life. If you are one of these people and you liking to achieve both, there are several simple steps you can take to help you reach that goal.



Know Yourself and Listen to Your Ideas



In propriety to achieve both life balance and wealth, you need to first sense how your mind operates and you must learn to trust in your ideas and instincts. Most likely, you have a great thought conclusively in your mind that is just aching to break out. But, if you don’ t learn how to tap into your ideas and put them into game, you will never achieve the life balance and wealth you itch to achieve.



First, remuneration attention to yourself in setup to fathom when and seat you come up with your best ideas. Do your best ideas come to you while you are taking a shower? How about right before you fall asleep in bed? Or, perhaps great ideas come to you as you stopwatch television and ask yourself, “ What makes this person or this product successful? ”



By understanding how your mind works and spot your best ideas are born, you will be more likely to put yourself in that environment in distribution to generate new ideas. Of course, it doesn’ t matter how many ideas you come up with if you don’ t follow through with them! So, listen to your extirpate. If you come up with an notion that you think is great, set it into spirit. That notion just might be your key to achieving both life balance and wealth.



Visualize Your Subsequent



You may have heard of coaches saying, “ You always win the game before the game. ” This saying is true in all aspects of life – if you first visualize yourself achieving life balance and wealth, you will forthwith find that it will materialize.









Imagine how others will look at you once you have achieved life balance and wealth. Visualize how your goal will be achieved. Envision how this achievement will affect the lives of those around you. “ Seeing” your goal before it happens will take you further than you may discern.



To aid you in visualizing your inevitable, try keeping a journal. Typewrite all of your dreams and goals in this chronicle. Create “ to do” lists within your notebook and wholly script out your life and what you want to achieve. Each of these steps will help make your goal much clearer, as well as the steps you need to take in adjustment to get there.



Surround Yourself with Doers



By choosing to spend time with people that have achieved wealth and life balance, you can learn how to reach these same goals. Timer and learn from those around you. Learn what you like most about these people and what has made them successful. Then, model your own life after them. By surrounding yourself with people that are doing better than you, you will work harder to achieve the same lifestyle.



You should also look into joining groups or organizations comprised of people that is fired in the same ideas you have come up with. In this way, you can learn from each other and get help in making decisions. In addition, you can learn from their successes and failures in plan to help you build your looked toward without making the same mistakes.



By wise yourself, listening to your ravage, visualizing your fated, and surrounding yourself with people that take works, you will at once find yourself achieving the wealth and life balance you have long dreamed of.